Which type of charge should be neutralized during ESD precaution procedures?

The correct response identifies the specific type of electrical charge that is typically addressed during electrostatic discharge (ESD) precaution procedures, which is static charge.

Static charge refers to the buildup of electrical charge on the surface of an object due to the transfer of electrons. This charge can occur in many environments and can accumulate on personnel, equipment, or components, especially in controlled settings such as avionics workshops or cleanrooms. It poses risks not only for data integrity and operational reliability but also in potential damage to sensitive electronic components.

During ESD precaution procedures, the objective is to dissipate or neutralize this static charge to prevent unintended discharges that could harm electronic parts or disrupt normal operations. Effective methods include grounding personnel and tools, using antistatic mats, wearing ESD-safe clothing, and utilizing ionizing air blowers that neutralize static charges in the environment.

In contrast, while both positive and negative charges are integral to the understanding of static electricity, they do not explicitly capture the overarching concern regarding the prevention of discharge damage. "Residual charge" may refer to any leftover charge after an object has been grounded, but the key focus of ESD procedures is on static charge as an ongoing risk during the handling and operation of electronic components