Which condition is primarily caused by moisture and can lead to corrosion?

The primary concern regarding moisture and its relationship to corrosion is best represented by condensation. When warm air encounters a cooler surface, it can lead to droplets of moisture forming on that surface. This collected moisture creates a conducive environment for electrochemical reactions, which can initiate corrosion processes on metallic surfaces. The formation of these moisture droplets is especially crucial in avionics, where electronic components and wiring may be exposed to temperature fluctuations.

Over time, if moisture remains present, it can result in different types of corrosion, such as galvanic corrosion or pitting, depending on the materials involved. This makes control of condensation in avionic systems critical for preventing failures and extending the life of components. The other options—electrolysis, electromigration, and cavitation—while associated with various issues, do not primarily stem from moisture conditions and are not directly linked to initiating corrosion in the same way condensation does.